In a group of 20 ballpoint pens on a shelf in the stationery department of Metro Department Store, 2 are known to be defective. Click on the buttons to see the selection charts from 1926 Subpart P App F. Sloping is selected as the method of protection. Protective systems are just one area to consider for trench safety and excavation. Timber and aluminum hydraulic. If that situation occurs, the slope shall be cut back to an actual slope which is at least 1/2 horizontal to one vertical (1/2H:1V) less steep than the maximum allowable slope. (ii) Slopes specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, shall be excavated to form configurations that are in accordance with the slopes shown for Type C soil in appendix B to this subpart. For example wide excavation areas can: To prevent the collapse of an unsupported bench in an excavation 8 feet or less in depth, the allowable height of a bench at the base of an excavation must be 3 1/2 feet or less. Unsafe Spoil-Pile Placement. This seems to be more of a trend today. Peptide Hormones Include Which Of The Following - 2 What is a hormone? The only workers allowed in the trench should be those who are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand. Topics include the four types of trench collapse, the frequency and cost of trench collapses, trench soil types, and common trench protective systems. Manufactured materials and equipment used for protective systems shall be used and maintained in a manner that is consistent with the recommendations of the manufacturer, and in a manner that will prevent employee exposure to hazards. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. After that time the data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the data shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. 1926.652 (b) Design of sloping and benching systems. The most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shores which are lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from above ground. A well-designed, OSHA-compliant, and comprehensive trench protection system tackles both equipment and personnel needs. Single-Cylinder Hydraulic Shores. www.constructionequipment.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. Trench protective systems include which of the following. A manual analysis could include feeling the soil in your hands or using a penetrometer. A slope of this gradation is safe for (1)Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when: (2) Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. All excavations are hazardous because they are inherently unstable. Soil Classification is required when shoring or shielding is used. These fatalities and accidents are preventable. Type C soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tons per square foot or less, granular soils, submerged soil, submerged rock that is not stable, or material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or with a slope of four horizontal to one vertical or steeper. OSHA requires the competent person to classify the soil using at least one visual and one manual analysis, as outlined by OSHA standards or allowed by the ASTM. Hydraulic shoring, a pre-fabricated strut and/or wale system made from aluminum or steel. Although sloping and benching is a good method for excavations, there are still some problems you may encounter. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. (2) Information concerning the basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is presented in paragraph (d) of this appendix, and on the tables themselves. Short term exposure means a period of time less than or equal to 24 hours that an excavation is open. After that time the design need not be at the jobsite, but a copy shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. The collapse of one bench into a lower bench can, in turn, cause a lower bench to fail in a situation where many benches have been created. (i) Excavation of material to a level no greater than 2 feet (.61 m) below the bottom of the members of a support system shall be permitted, but only if the system is designed to resist the forces calculated for the full depth of the trench, and there are no indications while the trench is open of a possible loss of soil from behind or below the Note collapse of the benching. Configurations of sloping and benching systems shall be in accordance with Figure B-1. Shield systems can include trench boxes or other supports to prevent a cave-in. All subsequent benches must be below the maximum slope allowed for that soil type. No Protective System. You can correct any missed questions and check your answers again. At least one copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. (ii) Designs shall be in written form and shall include the following: (A) A plan indicating the sizes, types, and configurations of the materials to be used in the protective system; and. Shielding does not protect against soil failures. (B) The identity of the registered professional engineer approving the design. Footnote(1) Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. 1926.652(c) Design of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems. Unsafe Access/Egress. The excavation must comply with one of the following four options in Sec. Trench box with ladder. The requirements of this appendix apply when the design of sloping and benching protective systems is to be performed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b)(2). As mentioned earlier, sloping is one of the most common protection systems used. (ii) Shields shall be installed in a manner to restrict lateral or other hazardous movement of the shield in the event of the application of sudden lateral loads. Shoring systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavement. It is allowed only if a trench supports or shield is used. If less than 5 feet deep, a competent person may determine that a protective system is not required. Shoring or shielding selected as the method of protection. Workers must monitor activity going on around the area of excavation for hazards as well. (c) Presentation of Information. OSHA has cited KCC Group Inc., Pearland, Texas, and proposed penalties totaling $133,000 for failing to protect workers from trenching hazards that led to an employee's death. Employees shall be protected from the hazard of cave-ins when entering or exiting the areas protected by shields. See Requirements for Protection Systems" for detailed slope configurations. means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Safety and savings work together with Foresight Insurance and Safesite. There are four types of protective systems used for trench safety: sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching. The second number is 3 greater than the first, and the third is four times the first. Four employees were in an excavation 32' long x 7' deep x 9' wide boring a hole under a road. Sloping. Designs of sloping or benching systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. 1926.652(a) Protection of employees in excavations. A or B, Bulldozer and scraper blades end loader buckets dump bodies, Flammable liquids have flash points below, OSHA specifies that for overhead power lines rated 50 kV, Must be provided on spur railroad tracks where a rolling car could contact other cars, Operating levers controlling hoisting or dumping devices on haulage, A latch device to prevent accidental starting or tripping, No person must use any motor vehicle equipment having an obstructs view, An observer to signal that it is safe to reverse, All haulage vehicles whose pay load is loaded by means of cranes power shovels, Pneumatic tired earth moving haulage equipment who's maximum exceeds 15miles, All earthmoving equipment must have a service braking, When steel tube piles are being blown out, Kept well beyond the range of falling materials, Must be provided across the top of the head block to prevent, Requires for the leads to prevent the hammer from being raised, First aid treatment and planning is only necessary if emergency medical, The area along the waterfront edge of the pier or wharf, The raised frame as around a hatchway in the deck to keep out water, Industrial truck training must consist of all but, Heat from an electric arc a stream of ionized gas called plasma or burning gases, The most common and simplest type of welding today is, A process by which two pieces of of metal are joined, Activity which depends on the heat produced by the combustion of a fuel gas, In the arc welding process eye exposure to intense visible light, Metal fume is principally associated with what chemical substance, A colorless and tasteless cannot be readily detected by the senses, Vapors of these solvents are a concern in welding and cutting Other timber shoring configurations; other systems of support such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems; and other protective systems such as sloping, benching, shielding, and freezing systems must be designed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b) and 1926.652(c). Pneumatic Shoring. Protective systems for use in excavations more than 20 feet in depth must be designed by _____. (i) Shield systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand. (a) Scope. Pneumatic shoring works in a manner similar to hydraulic shoring. The left end of a spring is attached to a wall. www.constructionequipment.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. Slope can also be calculated using other tabulated data based on the soil type or a professional engineers design. means the separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or other wise injure and immobilize a person. 3. Protective systems on the jobsite should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis to ensure that they are in place and working correctly. However, you need to have an air compressor on site when using pneumatic shoring. The tabulated data shall be in written form and include all of the following: Identification of the parameters that affect the selection of a protective system drawn from such data; Identification of the limits of use of the data; At least one copy of the tabulated data, which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation so as to prevent cave-ins. You will receive a message if you forgot to answer one of the questions. What is the relationship between electronegativity and the polarity of a chemical bond? Maximum allowable slopes, and allowable configurations for sloping and benching systems, shall be determined in accordance with the conditions and requirements set forth in appendices A and B to this subpart. A visual analysis could include examining a spoils pile or trench wall. As a general rule, the bottom vertical bench height of a multiple-benched trench must not exceed _____. What are the OSHA Trenching and Excavation Standards? OSHA standards for excavation appear in CFR 1926, Subpart P. A competent person is an individual who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards or working conditions that are hazardous, unsanitary, or dangerous to workers, soil types and protective systems required, and who is authorized to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate these hazards and conditions.. each pulls on his end of the spring with a 200 N force. The angle of incline required to prevent a cave-in varies with differences in such factors as the soil type, environmental conditions of exposure, and application of surcharge loads. A cubic yard of soil weighs as much as a car, so a trench collapse can kill in minutes. all the above, Mixed oak timbers have greater bending strength per square inch than Douglas fir, Type B soils afford how many options of protection, Shores must be pumped to a minimum of 750 pounds of pressure but more is recommended, Aluminum hydraulic shoring permits both installation and removal without entering the trench, In type C soil the angle of repose is very low how many degrees must the angle be, The struts of a screw jack system must be adjusted manually which creates a hazard because the worker is required to, Be in the trench in order to adjust the strut, All systems have a set manufacturers tabulated data to be used for proper design and installation of the equipment, Placing a shield between the side of an excavation and the work area can minimize the risk in the event of a crave in, The depth at which an excavation needs attention from a registered professional engineer is, Shoring and shielding can be custom built from tabulated data approved by a registered professional engineer, Each of the following is true of accumulating water hazards except, Special supporters or shields are not allowed, All surface encumbrances must be removed or supported within, A surface is anything that could create what in or around a trench, Being dangerously close to a falling load, When exposed to Vehicular traffic your excavation site must have, Establishing eye contact with your equipment operator is a general safety principle when working outside the working radius, Each of the following is true underground installations expect, Walkways must have handrails when at or more above lower levels, A competent person must inspect all excavations adjacent areas and protective systems daily and as needed throughout the shift, Warning systems for mobile equipment include barricades hand signals stop logs, When using a ladder in a trench it must be, After identifying a possible cave in protective system failure or hazardous atompsohere the competent person, Removes workers until precautions have been taken, OSHA defines a competent person in part as someone who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate hazards, The OSHA soils standard applies to each of these except, The competent person must be a superintendent foreman or manager, Which soil cannot be molded when moist and crumbles easily when dry, Free seeping soil is considered submerged soil, A hand sized sample of cemented soil can't be crushed into powder, Saturation does not mean that water in the soil itself will flow, Tension cracks are rarely a sign of imminent trench failure, An increase or a decrease in moisture can both damage trench stability, When the vertical face of a trench shears along a tension crack line it is known as, Toppling heaving or squeezing can occur even when shoring or shielding has been properly installed, An unsupported excavation can create an unbalanced stress causing, Boiling is an upward water flow into bottom of the cut, Loads are any increase in weight in the adjacent areas next to the cut, A slippery sheet is a potential characteristic of, If cracked, fissured vibrates or otherwise disurbed soil is not, After you complete the plasticity rest of soil sample does not break or tear the soil is considered, In layered soils which layer has the most critical, If you have a trench greater than 20 feet, You just use a registered professional engineer, One advantage to using shoring tables is not having to determine the soil type, Is any mechanical system used to prevent collapse of an excavation, Selection of size spacing of shoring meme era are based on height and width of trench, Which of the following variables is not considered the timber shortening tables found in appendix C, Shoring is covered in the OSHA standards sub part P, When vertical shores are used there must be a minimum of shores spaced equally horizontal in a group, Aluminum hydraulic shores are usually installed in type A soil, If your are using sheeting with aluminum hydraulic shoring what do we know about the shores or wales, Given type A soil conditions and a 40 ton, When using trench boxes why is the space between the box and trench wall back filled, Earth excavation to the depth of below the shield permitted, Job built trench boxes are never allowed in construction, If using a trench box combination with sloping or benching the box should extend at least, The forklift operator should be know the weight of materials to be moved the limitations of the equipment and the information on the equipments load capacity, Surfaces are level free of hazards and designed to withstand load, All protruding reinforcing steel onto and into which employees could fall must be, Construction loads should not be placed on a concrete structure or portion of a concrete structure unless it has been determined to do so by a, Person who is qualified in structural design, Employees must not be permitted to work under concrete buckets except when wearing a hard hat, Requires on equipment if there is the possibility of inadvertent operation of equipment that could cause injury, Concrete buckets equipped with hydraulic or pneumatic gates shall have, Positive safety patches or similar safety devices, No employee shall be permitted to enter storage facilities unless the ejection system has been, Lift slab operations must be designed and planned by, A registered professional engineer experienced in a lift slab construction, Lifting inserts that are embedded or otherwise attached to tilt up wall panels must be capable of supporting at least the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to them, Masonry wall construction that is more than 8 feet and unsupported, A what or control switch cuts off power to the machine when pressure is released, Safety guards used on portable grinders are allowed a maximum exposure angle of, If an air hose is greater than 1/2 inch in diameter a what must be installed, When using high velocity tools do not drive fasteners closer than, A powder actuated tool must not be able to operate until it is pressed against, Each job site should be evaluated by before work begins, With respect to hot work location all objects, Potential response contacts may include all except, The top rail of a guardrail system must be within plus or minus 3 inches, A multiple lift rigging assembly manufactured by wire rope rigging suppliers is known as, A positioning device system must limit free fall distance to no more than, Generally written notification must document that concrete in footing, What should be consulted for cranes and Derrick selection and placement, A crane lift must never exceed maximum of, For steel assembly there should not be more than how many stories between the erection floor, During steel assembly the bundle of decking is placed on a minimum, During steel assembly the employer shall ensure that the weight of a bundle, Connectors between must wear fall arrest or restraint equipment Answer one of the most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shores which are lightweight, and! 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