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Palušková hniloba (Typhula incarnata)

Hubová choroba podobná plesni snežnej prejavujúca sa rozsiahlymi škvrnami hnedej farby a "papierovitej štruktúry". Oproti plesni snežnej má drobné skleróciá svetlej a neskôr tmavej farby o veľkosti zrniek piesku.

Symptómy:

po roztopení snehu v jarnom období. Rastliny odumierajú na rôzne veľkej ploche kruhovitého, elipsovitého alebo nepravidelného tvaru. Sú hnedavej farby a majú "papierovitú štruktúru". Odumreté rastliny sú často pokryté mycéliom huby belavej až sivastej farby. Typické pre túto chorobu (a rozdielne oproti plesni snežnej) sú drobné skleróciá svetlej a neskôr tmavej farby o veľkosti zrniek piesku. Nachádzajúce sa hlavne u koreňového krčku. V tomto štádiu huba prežíva nepriaznivé letné obdobie.

Rizikové faktory:

Nadbytok organickej hmoty, sneh na nezamrznutej poraste, dlhotrvajúca snehová prikrývka, neprevzdušnený pôdny profil, príliš vysoká hladina hnojenia dusíkom na jeseň, nedostatočná výživa draslíkom na jeseň.

Vývoj a šírenie:

Pôvodca choroby prečká vo forme sklerócii na odumretých zvyškoch. Za optimálnych podmienok (10 - 18 ° C), sklerócie vyklíčia a vytvoria mycélium neskôr bazidiospóry a ešte pod snehovou prikrývkou infikujú listy a dochádza k šíreniu choroby. Pôvodca hynie pri nástupe vyšších teplôt, kedy uschne. Choroba sa prenáša pohybom osôb a technikou používanou na ošetrenie trávnika.

Ochrana:

Choroba zriedka ničí celé rastliny, preto nechemická ochrana spočíva vo vytvorení dobrých podmienok na regeneráciu porastu - vyhrabať odumretú plochu z trávnika, prevzdušniť poškodené miesta V prípade silného napadnutia ošetriť fungicídom s účinnou látkou carbendazim + prochloraz, iprodion. V prípade silného napadnutia urobiť dosev prázdnych miest. Odporúča sa preventívne ošetrenie na jeseň s prípravkom s účinnou látkou azoxystrobin.

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