Instead, be as specific as possible. The phrase abnormal behavior reflects social-cultural standards and is open to different interpretations. This may be due to improper development, damage or disease to any part of the hearing mechanism. NCDJ Recommendation: Cretin is considered a slur to describe a person with intellectual disabilities. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, . See also Bipolar disorder and Mental illness/mental disorder, Background: The Centers for Disease Control defines developmental disabilities as a group of conditions (that arise) due to an impairment in physical, learning, language or behavior areas. Individuals with learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence, and the term does not include a learning problem that is primarily the result of another cause, such as intellectual disabilities or lack of educational opportunity., NCDJ Recommendation: Use learning disability when youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to injuries as being sustained or received rather than suffered, as suffer implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person who has not been injured. While speech impediment and speech disorder are still widely used within the medical community, many consider the terms offensive because they describe the conditions in terms of a deficiency. The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders consolidates all autism disorders under the larger autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. en abril 28, 2022 abril 28, 2022 moaning minnie synonym. The language around COVID-19 is evolving. NCDJ Recommendation: Use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. Such events may include assault, war, sexual assault, natural disasters, car accidents or imprisonment. Some prefer being called dyslexic, others prefer people-first language, as in a person with dyslexia.. Mayo Clinic. Its traced to religion in 1636 (he to his long retarded Wrath gives wings); to medicine in 1785 (Polypus, sometimes obstructs the vagina, and gives retarded labour); and later to politics (Arguably, the legacy of communism manifests itself most acutely in the retarded economic development of the east). The stylebook also warns against drawing a connection between mental illness and violent crime and recommends that any source used to characterize a criminal suspects mental health history should have the authority to speak on the matter. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having bipolar disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Additionally, a person who does not use speech may be able to hear. Use this guide. Sometimes people with paraplegia refer to themselves as a para. In those cases, use the word in quotes. Dysarthria. The term seizure is preferred when referring to the brief manifestation of symptoms common among those with epilepsy. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. Congenital is not interchangeable with genetic, as a genetic condition is present from birth but a congenital condition is not necessarily genetic. Use a person with dementia or a person with dementia rather than demented or senile. When possible, reference the specific disease, such as someone with Huntingtons disease. When referencing Huntingtons disease or Parkinsons disease, use the full term rather than shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons.. AP style: The stylebook states that its acceptable to use the word autism as an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders. It also says it is acceptable to use the word autism in stories. combination of your inner ear and the nerves in your ear. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. Even in the case of a direct quote, consider how offensive the term is and include the historical context if possible. Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. Do not refer to an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Refer instead to an attempted suicide.. NCDJ recommendation: Do not apply the term invisible disability to people without asking what they prefer. Background: Members of the disability community argue that characterizing people with a disability as sick or referring to them as patients signals there is something unwell about them or that they are in need of medical attention, when, in fact, that is often not the case. Similarly, ask whether the person prefers identity-first or people-first language. slurred slowed hoarse stuttered rapid Depending on the underlying cause of your speech impairment, you may also experience other symptoms, such as: drooling AP Style: The style book suggests avoiding the term and, instead, trying to be specific about the disability. Common symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include difficulties in communication, impaired social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, according to the Institute. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. The center also recommends using the word misuse in place of abuse when describing harmful drug usage. Many people in North America who are deaf or hard of hearing use it as a primary means of communication. Proponents of the term say it helps to destigmatize relationships between people with disabilities and people without disabilities. Complications from spina bifida range from minor physical problems to significant intellectual and physical disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Deaf or hard of hearing are the preferred terms. Severe implies judgement; significant might be better. Conforms to AP style: The stylebook cautions against describing an individual as mentally ill unless clearly pertinent to a story and the diagnosis is properly sourced. It can cause changes in your behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. Avoid confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair-bound as these terms describe a person only in relationship to a piece of equipment. Background: The World Health Organization recommends avoiding language that sensationalizes or normalizes suicide or presents it as a solution to problems. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. For example, The doctor said he was retarded, a term widely used at the time., AP style: Mentally retarded should be avoided. People often use "suffering" to describe disabilities because they understand disability as a condition, something that only causes pain and suffering. Advocacy groups call it death with dignity or right-to-die, but AP does use those phrases on their own. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. Ask your sources how they want to be described. Avoid saying a person suffers from or is afflicted with the disease. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. In general, avoid using able-bodied except in a quote. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. Avoid alcoholic, addict, user and abuser unless individuals prefer those terms for themselves or if they occur in quotations or names of organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. NCDJ Recommendation: Colorblind is still generally acceptable, but in the interest of accuracy, consider indicating what kind of color-blindness a person has, such as red-green color-blindness. Manifestations may include stuttering, articulation errors or an inability to move the tongue (commonly referred to as tongue-tied). The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. Most people know that strokes can cause one side of the face to droop, weakness of an arm or a leg, trouble walking, and slurred speech. Be cautious when using the term abnormal behavior. Explain what it means in the context in which it is being used. Access the Spanish language translation of this guide here. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with spina bifida, followed by a short explanation of what their condition entails if it is pertinent to the story. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. AP style:The style book defers to the National Association of the Deaf, stating: Hearing-impaired was a well-meaning term that is not accepted or used by many deaf and hard of hearing people.. It is acceptable to refer to someone as deaf or hard of hearing. More serious causes of dysarthria, or sudden slurred speech, include WebHearing-impaired This term is no longer accepted by most in the community but was at one time preferred, largely because it was viewed as politically correct. Background: ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a relatively common neurodevelopmental diagnosis. The World Federation of the Deaf has taken the stance that hearing impaired is no longer an acceptable term. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as catatonic only if it is part of a medical diagnosis. So why do some get offended by the term? NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using handicap and handicapped when describing a person. ASL is acceptable on second reference. The most common forms of mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders. They also are sometimes called assistance animals, guide dogs, or Seeing Eye dogs. There is an advocacy movement around this concept that argues against the idea that there is one normal or healthy type of brain or mind or one right style of neurocognitive functioning. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. Background: An intellectual disability involves significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills, according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. AP style: The style book suggests naming the specific condition when possible rather than making a general reference. Avoid using the word shrink in reference to a mental health professional except in a quote. Rapid speech that is difficult to understand. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. The term midget was used in the past to describe an unusually short and proportionate person. For example: He has muscular dystrophy, and avoiding characterizing those conditions as afflictions. It is more accurate to cite the specific disability or disabilities in question. Background: Mental illness is an umbrella term for many different conditions that affect how individuals act, think, feel or perceive the world.. AP style: Although there is no entry for service animal, the style book takes note of the Seeing Eye dog trademark and says guide dog is prefered in all references. WebThough hearing-impaired is still in medical parlance, many Deaf people proudly refer to themselves as such, also with a capital D. Other activists have decided there is nothing wrong with being fat, and have wholeheartedly embraced the term. Otherwise, hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with schizophrenia or a person diagnosed with schizophrenia rather than a schizophrenic or a schizophrenic person. Do not use the word schizophrenic colloquially as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory. Dysarthria can often lead to a complete loss of speech known as anarthria. Those in Deaf culture have never seen themselves as disabled. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. For example, They found the election results depressing.. Similarly, there is not really a good way to describe the nature of a condition. Its chief symptoms include difficulties with spelling, reading, pronunciation of words and processing auditory information. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but AP refers to paraplegia in its general disability entry. Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act is federal civil rights legislation that was signed into law in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications as well as state and local government services. However, organizations such as the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the Mayo Clinic and the National Stuttering Association generally use the term stuttering to refer to the speech disorder. The concept of triggering originated with early psychoanalytical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, called war neuroses, in WWI veterans. Background: Infantile paralysis is shorthand for poliomyelitis and was commonly used in the past to describe polio. Some mountainous regions, such as parts of the Alps, do not naturally provide their inhabitants with a diet rich enough in iodine, and the resultant hypothyroidism causes stunted growth and mental retardation. For similar reasons, there is disagreement about characterizing disease or illness as a battle, as in to battle cancer. These arguments surfaced after U.S. Background: The term special needs was popularized in the U.S. in the early 20th century during a push for special needs education to serve people with all kinds of disabilities. For example, they might say that an individual with Down syndrome lives with minimal or no extra l assistance. To declare Many times, though, the cause of a seizure is unknown.. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having autistic spectrum disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. If the source is not available or unable to communicate, ask a trusted family member, advocate, medical professional or relevant organization that represents people with disabilities. Background: Down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 in an individuals cell nuclei. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the word and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. The AA program is focused on 12 steps to achieve sobriety. This was due to the fact that both groups considered hearing-impaired to be offensive because it carried a value judgement implying that the person was impaired or defective. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms unless used in a direct quote. In the past, we have encouraged journalists and others to use person-first language (such as, a person who has Down syndrome rather than a Down syndrome person) as a default. 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